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Well Water Pressure: Understanding the Factors that are Affecting It

Nicholas Roppo • Aug 26, 2021

Knowing the factors affecting your well water supply.

Mother and child in the kitchen, showing efficient well water supply.

Having a well at home can save you a lot of money over time, but they also require maintenance that you're responsible for. One common issue you'll encounter is low or fluctuating well water pressure. We understand the lack of pressure can be frustrating, so we've put together this list of common problems that affect well water pressure.

However, well issues are often more challenging to diagnose and fix due to some parts being inaccessible.

Common Factors Affecting Well Water Pressure

Hard Water

If you have a sediment filter installed, then you should check it first when having pressure problems. Sometimes, cleaning the filter is all it takes to bring your water pressure back up. If you haven't already, you should consider testing your water for iron bacteria. Not only will iron bacteria cause hard water stains, but they can also clog your pipes over time, affecting the water pressure. In addition, iron bacteria can clog the nipple fitting, which can cause the pressure switch to sense the pressure inaccurately. 

Valves

If any of your valves are partially closed, they can reduce your water pressure. Check any gate and ball valves you can find around your well system. Make sure they open appropriately and inspect for any leaks or corrosion. Replace any valves that are damaged and leaking.

Pressure Tank

Your well pressure tank holds water for your house along with air. Air compresses, and water fills the tank. When the tank reaches its preset level, it automatically shuts off. Anytime you use water, the pump refills the water supply and pressurizes the air inside. If you have problems with your pressure tank, then it can directly affect your water pressure. Also, pressure tank issues can put a strain on your well pump, causing it to fail. Some homes also do not use a pressure tank, which will also reduce the life of your well pump.

To check if your pressure tank is working correctly, you have to drain it. Draining allows you to check pressure levels and drain out any sediment at the bottom of the tank that could clog your pipes. First, switch off the power to the pump and find the drain spigot. Then attach a hose and turn on the valve to drain the water. Once the gauge reads zero, the draining is complete. 

On the top of your tank, you'll see a small removable cap. Remove the cover and attach your gauge to read how much air is in your tank. What the pressure should be will vary on your particular tank and setup. If your meter reads zero, then your pressure tank is likely failing. In this case, it's best to consult a professional for assistance. Additionally, if you are unable to access your pressure tank, you should call a professional. 

Well Pump

There are two types of well pumps: submersible pumps and jet pumps. Submersible pumps are usually located deep in the well where it is difficult to access them. In contrast, jet pumps are typically mounted above the well resulting in easier access. The pump's job is to push water into the pressure tank and your home.

If the pump frequently cycles on and off, you notice air coming out of your faucets, or it's noisy, then your water pump might be faulty. Since the pressure switch often causes pump issues, you should check it initially. First, shut off your breaker. Then remove the cover from your pressure switch and check for signs of burning, melting, or other damage. If the damage looks severe, it will likely need to be replaced.

Some causes of low water pressure in wells can be easily fixed, while others are more challenging. If your well is having problems and you can't access the parts or don't feel comfortable, then please contact N & J Plumbing today. We offer free estimates and are glad to help. 

a close up of frost on a window with trees in the background
By Nick Roppo 01 Dec, 2023
As the golden leaves of fall give way to the frosty whispers of winter in Connecticut, it’s time to shift our focus to the unsung heroes of our homes: our plumbing systems. With the crisp chill in the air serving as a gentle reminder, homeowners are encouraged to perform these essential plumbing checks to ensure a warm, comfortable, and hassle-free winter season.  1. Insulate Your Pipes: The First Line of Defense Against the Cold The plummeting temperatures of Connecticut winters are notorious for freezing pipes, a situation no homeowner ever wants to face. To counter this, inspect all exposed pipes in areas like the basement, attic, and under kitchen and bathroom sinks. Foam pipe insulation, a readily available and cost-effective solution, can be your first line of defense. Remember, even the smallest pipe can cause an upheaval if frozen, so leave no pipe behind! 2. Drain and Disconnect Outdoor Plumbing Fixtures Outdoor plumbing is often the first casualty of freezing temperatures. Start by draining garden hoses and, if possible, store them indoors. Shut off the valves to outdoor faucets and drain them to prevent any remaining water from freezing and expanding, which can lead to cracks and leaks. This simple step can save you from unexpected repairs come spring. 3. Give Your Water Heater a Wellness Check A chilly Connecticut winter morning without hot water is a dire situation indeed. Your water heater works overtime during the colder months, so ensuring its efficiency before winter is crucial. Flush out the tank to remove sediment buildup, which can hamper efficiency and shorten the lifespan of your heater. If your water heater is older than 10 years, consider consulting a professional to assess its condition. Remember, an efficient water heater is not just about comfort; it’s also about cost-effectiveness. 4. Clear Your Gutters and Drainage Paths While not directly part of your indoor plumbing, gutters and external drainage systems play a vital role in protecting your home’s foundation and structure from water damage. Ensuring these are clear of leaves, twigs, and debris will prevent water buildup and ice dams, which can lead to more significant issues like roof leaks and foundation damage. 5. Know Your Home: Locate Your Main Water Valve In the unfortunate event of a pipe bursting, time is of the essence. Knowing the location of your main water shut-off valve can avert a minor mishap from turning into a major catastrophe. This knowledge is particularly crucial for those chilly mornings when a frozen pipe suddenly bursts. A quick response can significantly reduce the extent of water damage. Conclusion: A Stitch in Time Saves Nine Taking proactive steps to winterize your plumbing can save you from the headache of dealing with emergency repairs in the dead of winter. Remember, these checks not only protect your plumbing but also contribute to the overall health and longevity of your home. And, should you encounter any issues beyond your expertise, don’t hesitate to call a professional plumber. After all, peace of mind in knowing your home is prepared for the winter chill is priceless. As the adage goes, “A stitch in time saves nine,” and this couldn’t be more true when it comes to preparing your home’s plumbing for the Connecticut winter. So, as you enjoy the last of the autumn hues, make a plan to give your plumbing system the attention it deserves. Your future self, comfortably sipping hot cocoa in a warm, leak-free home, will thank you.
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